Month: March 2019

Four Masters fellowships in Coastal Sustainability

Bethune-Cookman University (B-CU) has four fellowship opportunities for Masters students in the Department of Integrated Environmental Science (IES). B-CU is a partner institution of the NOAA Center for Coastal and Marine Ecosystems (CCME), a partnership led by Florida A&M University and funded by NOAA’s Educational Partnership Program with Minority Serving Institutions (Cooperative Agreement Award #NA16SEC4810009). The NOAA CCME mission is to educate and train a new generation of scientists, particularly from underrepresented minority communities, in the NOAA-relevant STEM disciplines and social sciences needed to utilize interdisciplinary approaches to address issues confronting marine and coastal communities, with a particular focus on Coastal Intelligence, Coastal Resilience, and Place-based Conservation. The MSIES program at B-CU teaches students to integrate social, economic, and political information to develop functional approaches to address ecological and societal issues.

To be eligible, a candidate must have a Bachelor’s degree from an accredited college/university in a NOAA-related discipline (e.g. biology, chemistry, environmental science, etc.), have an undergraduate GPA of 3.0 or higher, be admitted to the B-CU graduate studies program, and be a US citizen. Successful applicants receive tuition, a stipend, NOAA internships, and funds for conference travel and research expenses. To apply, a candidate must apply for the B-CU graduate studies program (https://www.cookman.edu/academics/schools/graduate/HowToApply.html) and be admitted by the application deadline (June 1, 2019 for Fall 2019 admission). For application procedures, materials and questions concerning the NOAA-CCME fellowship, please contact Dr. Hyun Jung (“J.”) Cho, Professor of Integrated Environmental Science, Bethune-Cookman University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114; choh@cookman.edu; 386-481-2793.

Mike

——————–

Michael A. Reiter, PhD

Professor and Chair
Department of Integrated Environmental Science

Bethune-Cookman University

640 Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune Blvd.

Daytona Beach, FL  32114-3099

reiterm@cookman.edu

V: 386.481.2695

F: 386.481.2659

“Accuse not Nature, she hath done her part; Do thou but thine.”  John Milton, Paradise Lost

Alaska Research Experience for Undergraduates

Research Experience for Undergraduates opportunity
Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program
Nitrogen cycling in boreal watersheds
Alaska
Summer 2019

A summer undergraduate researcher position is available with a team in Fairbanks, Alaska studying changes to the nitrogen cycle in response to permafrost thaw and intensifying fire regime. The undergraduate researcher will assist with field work including measuring greenhouse gas emissions from soils and using automated sensors to monitor stream biogeochemistry. Laboratory-based work will include opportunities to use instrumentation for analytical chemistry and learn data handling and analysis approaches using the R program. See harmslab.org for further information about the research.

Applicants should have a demonstrated interest in ecology and enthusiasm about both field and lab-based work, including long field days under wet and buggy conditions. Coursework in biology, ecology, chemistry and math or statistics is needed to successfully contribute to the research. Applications from students expressing interest in conducting an independent research project will receive priority.

To apply for the position, please send a single pdf document to Dr. Tamara Harms (tkharms@alaska.edu  ) by March 15, 2019 including: 1) cover letter summarizing research interests, experience collecting and analyzing data, and qualifications relevant to conducting ecological research with a collaborative team, 2) list of relevant coursework, and 3) CV. The student will be paid a stipend for the position, which runs May/June-Aug/Sept.

Lab/Field Tech: plant-soil-microbe dynamics, Kellogg Biol Station, Michigan

Lab/Field Research Technician Position announcement

Deadline for applications: March 18

 

We are looking to hire a lab/field technician to work on a collaborative research project investigating plant-soil-microbe interactions in managed lands. More information about this project, which is based at Michigan State University can be found at: rhizosphere.msu.edu. This is a great position for someone looking for experience in a research laboratory. 

 

The primary duties will consist of a) lab work (80%, including, but not limited to processing soil samples, nutrient analyses, DNA extractions, data entry and processing, and general lab maintenance) and b) field work (20%, plant and soil sampling) at both local sites and those located in Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. This position requires a small amount of travel (~1 day trip per month and 2-3 overnight trips over the entire field season). 

 

Ideal candidates will have relevant laboratory and field work experience. We are interested in candidates that are self-motivated, have high attention to detail and organizational skills, and can independently carryout field and laboratory protocols. Candidates should also be willing to work in adverse conditions in the field (e.g. hot and cold weather), and contribute to a team. Successful candidates must have a B.S. or commensurate experience in biogeochemistry or soil science, ecology or other closely related field. Experience in molecular biology is also desired, though not required. Applicants from underrepresented groups are especially encouraged to apply. 

 

This is a 40 hr/week non-benefited Technical Aide position under a 9-month hire with the potential for renewal for additional 9 month periods depending on performance. Successful applicants will be offered health care through the Affordable Care Act. Compensation will be $13-$16 per hour, depending on qualifications of the applicant. A start date in April 2019 is preferred, but start dates up to May 15 will be considered. 

 

The technician will join the Evans Lab (http://saraheevanslab.weebly.com/) at the W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, which is part of Michigan State University but located in Hickory Corners, MI, 15 miles NE of Kalamazoo, MI. KBS is a community of faculty, students, postdocs, staff, and technicians, and the successful candidate will have opportunities to develop professionally in this academic setting. Questions about the position and applications should be submitted to Holly Vander Stel (vande591@msu.edu). Please include “MMPRNT Tech App” in subject line). Applications will begin to be reviewed March 18, 2019 and accepted until the position is filled.

 

Applications, sent to as a single pdf file, should include:

1) Cover letter (1 page maximum) describing qualifications and interest in the position

2) CV or resume

3) Names, contact information, and brief synopsis of relationship for three references.

MSU is an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer.

Courses and Internships at Shoals Marine Laboratory (Appledore Island, Maine)

Shoals Marine Lab (SML) is a summer institute and field station jointly run by Cornell and the University of New Hampshire on Appledore Island, Maine, offering summer courses and internships for undergraduates (https://http://www.shoalsmarinelaboratory.org/ ). Here are 3 things to know about SML:
1. SML offers a diversity credit courses each summer that provide field-based experiences you can’t find on campus. SML’s summer schedule is available now and pre-registration is open! View courses here: http://www.shoalsmarinelaboratory.org/courses/undergrad 
2. SML offers scholarships and student staff positions to offset the cost of tuition. Students enrolling in two or more courses also receive Multi-course Scholarships up to $3,000! View financial support and scholarship info here: http://www.shoalsmarinelaboratory.org/financial-support-scholarships. Merit scholarship applications are due March 1!
3. Research Apprenticeships and Research Internships at SML immerse students in the lab and field, with mentorship from faculty in SML’s research community. View research opportunities here: http://www.shoalsmarinelaboratory.org/student-research-internships. Internship applications are also due March 1!

Sagebrush system field technician positions

We seek three full-time, temporary technicians in fire, wildlife, and sagebrush ecology with the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University. The research project site is at the Phillip W. Schneider Wildlife Area (PWSWA), near Dayville, OR. Daily work will primarily be vegetation surveys to quantify the changes following fire and post-fire restoration treatments in sagebrush communities, small mammal trapping, maintenance and observations for seed dispersal experiments, and data entry. Position is based out of OSU, but no housing is provided in Corvallis because less than 1 day will be spent there. However, transportation to field sites and primitive (ranch house) accommodations on site will be provided. Daily field conditions can be challenging, including varying weather and fire conditions, encounters with venomous reptiles, and remote and semi-primitive group living conditions at base camp.

Hourly Wage: $13/hour

Dates of Employment: Preferred start date will be May 17, 2019 but start date is somewhat negotiable. Field season can be expected to last up to 10 weeks

Minimum Qualifications:
Education: Bachelor’s degree in progress in Fisheries and Wildlife, Biology, Ecology, Botany, or another related biological discipline. Abilities/Knowledge/Skills: Basic knowledge of ecological principles and systematic data collection as well as basic computer skills, including experience with Microsoft Excel. Impeccable habits in data collection, recording, quality-checking and data entry. Willingness and ability to spend long days in the field in hot, cold, wet, or dry conditions, hike up to several miles with a 30-pound pack, camp in a field setting occasionally, and to be away from duty station (Corvallis, OR) for several weeks at a time. Ability to live and work effectively as a member of a team sharing a project base camp. Position requires a commitment to completing required animal handling training modules prior to field season and willingness to handle small mammals.

Desirable Qualifications: Current driver’s license and ability to drive an ATV and 4-wheel drive vehicles. Driving record subject to OSU review for approval to drive university and agency vehicles.Experience collecting biological data in a field setting. Prior training and/or experience in ethical live trapping procedures as applied to small mammals. Organizational, communication, and leadership skills with an ability to independently manage multiple task simultaneously. Resourceful in developing practical solutions to daily challenges. Knowledge of sagebrush ecosystems. Experience with issues surrounding rangeland or fire. Experience using GIS tools.

To apply, you must visit http://jobs.oregonstate.edu/postings/72533 

Upload your (1) resume or CV, (2) a cover letter detailing how you meet the minimum, and where applicable, desirable qualifications, (3) contact information for 3 references, and (4) academic transcripts (unofficial transcripts are fine). Applications for full consideration due by March 8, 2019. Position closes March 15, 2019.

Direct questions to: Dr. Jake Dittel: jdittel@una.edu  

USGS temporary vegetation research technician position in Hot Springs, SD

The USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Center is seeking a biological science technician for the 2019 summer field season of the Annual Brome Adaptive Management project. Outside beginning and end dates are May 15 and November 15, 2019. The Annual Brome Adaptive Management project is building a structured decision making framework for invasive and native vegetation management in seven National Park Service units of the northern Great Plains. The technician will be based at Wind Cave National Park in Hot Springs, South Dakota. For details and application instructions, please go to https://http://www.usajobs.gov/GetJob/ViewDetails/525715200 

Paid Undergraduate Summer Research Program in One Health and the Environment

The University of Maine Initiative for One Health and the Environment is excited to announce a new NSF-funded REU program for summer 2019, entitled Accelerating New Environmental Workskills (ANEW). REU ANEW is a 10-week paid summer research internship. Each summer, we will invite 10 motivated undergraduate students to join our faculty and graduate students to conduct cutting-edge research at the intersection of human, animal, and environmental health.  REU ANEW students will have the opportunity to work directly with faculty research mentors, as well as Broader Impacts mentors who  are working in the field to apply One Health research to real world problems.  Through our program, students will develop critical research and thinking skills that are directly relevant to future career success, and build lasting professional relationships with their undergraduate peers, graduate students, and faculty and broader impacts mentors.  

Are you interested in studying the link between genetics and marine mammal health, the risk of diseases known as zoonoses that can transfer from animals to humans, or how policy and climate change are impacting tick-borne diseases and their effects on iconic Maine species like moose?  If so, you should consider applying to our new program! For more information and to apply, visit https://nsfa.umaine.edu/one-health/REU.  Application review will begin on March 20 and all complete applications submitted before this deadline will receive full consideration. Applications received after this date will continue to be reviewed until all positions are filled. Please direct any questions you have about the program or the application process to anne.lichtenwalner@maine.edu and kristina.cammen@maine.edu.

 

Stipend: All REU participants will receive a generous summer stipend ($5,750) and living expenses, including travel expenses and housing at the University of Maine in Orono.

Eligibility: All REU students must be U.S. citizens, U.S. nationals or permanent residents of the U.S.  Students must have completed at least one year of an Associates or Baccalaureate degree program prior to the summer internship, and must plan to continue in their degree program following this summer internship (graduating seniors are not eligible). As part of the National Science Foundation’s and our commitment to broadening participation, we especially encourage students who self-identify with groups that are under-represented in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) to apply, as well as students attending institutions with relatively limited research opportunities (e.g., community colleges and some undergraduate-only institutions).

The University of Maine is an EEO/AA employer, and does not discriminate on the grounds of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, transgender status, gender expression, national origin, citizenship status, age, disability, genetic information or veteran’s status in employment, education, and all other programs and activities. The following person has been designated to handle inquiries regarding non-discrimination policies: Sarah E. Harebo, Director of Equal Opportunity, 101 North Stevens Hall, University of Maine, Orono, ME  04469-5754, 207.581.1226, TTY 711 (Maine Relay System).

 

Field Assistant – Canada Warbler Demography

Field Assistant: Demography of Canada Warblers (Cardellina canadensis) along an elevation gradient in the central Appalachians

School of Natural Resources, Wildlife and Fisheries Resources Program, West Virginia University

Description: The School of Natural Resources at West Virginia University is seeking a research technician to assist with a mark-recapture study of breeding Canada Warblers along an elevation gradient in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia. Fieldwork will occur from approximately May 1 to€ June 30. The position will entail capture and banding of Canada Warblers, subsequent re-sighting of color-banded individuals, and other duties as they arise (e.g., vegetation surveys, data entry during rainy days, etc).

The ideal candidate should have experience mist netting, banding, and re-sighting color-marked birds. Candidates should expect early mornings and rugged field conditions. A remote field house is provided, but candidates should expect to spend the majority of working days camping in the field. Terrain in the central Appalachians can be steep and rocky. Candidates should be able to haul equipment off-trail over steep terrain. A field vehicle will be provided.

Stipend: $12.50 / hour for 40 hours / week.

To Apply: Interested individuals should send a CV, 1-page cover letter, and contact information for 3 references as a single PDF file to Dr. Christopher Rota at christopher.rota@mail.wvu.edu  . Review of applications is ongoing, and the position will remain open until a suitable candidate is found.

Undergraduate Research Opportunity in Alpine Ecology

The Doak lab at CU Boulder and the Morris lab at Duke University are recruiting two motivated undergraduates for a summer research internship in alpine plant ecology as part of NSF’s Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program.  The students will design and conduct independent research that contributes to a larger NSF-funded project to investigate how demographic variation across geographic ranges determines species range limits and responses to climate change. To answer this question, we have been conducting a long-term, multi-site study of the demography and flowering phenology of two widely distributed and well-studied herbaceous perennial tundra plants, moss campion (Silene acaulis) and bisort (Polygonum viviparum). The REU students can combine short-term experimental or observational field studies with 15+ years of existing demographic data, spanning multiple populations, habitat types, and geographic regions, to ask compelling questions about the ecology or evolution of alpine plants. Examples of excellent questions that REU students could address include:

  • How do changing climate conditions (snowmelt, temperature) influence the timing of flowering and pollinators?
  • Studies of pollination limitation for plants in female or hermaphrodite-dominated subpopulations of the gynodioecious Silene acaulis
  • Evidence for up or down-slope range expansion of either species in response to climate change
  • Impacts of plant neighborhood structure on growth and survival
  • Studies of these or other species across local elevational gradients, to assess changes in form or population structure that would correspond to or arise from demographic shifts.

The REU students will be based at the Mountain Research Station at Niwot Ridge, CO from June 1 to August 3, 2019(the main flowering and growth season). Staying at the Mountain Research Station will allow the student to engage in rigorous field work at Niwot Ridge, take advantage of long-term research plots, and interact with other REU students and researchers. In addition, the student will be able to supplement field research at Niwot Ridge with trips to nearby alpine areas and other greenhouse or computer modeling work at CU Boulder. In late July, the student will also participate in the main project by collecting demographic data in long-term plots at Niwot Ridge and New Mexico.

We will provide the REU student with travel expenses, room and board at the Mountain Research Station, and a $400/week stipend. We will also provide support for research expenses, including materials or research-related travel.

The ideal candidate will be interested in pursuing a career in ecology, environmental sciences, or evolutionary biology, and have demonstrated abilities in critical thinking, organization, and working as part of a team. Candidates should have some background in ecology, environmental sciences, or evolution, and the ability and willingness to engage in physically strenuous or uncomfortable activities (e.g., hiking at high elevation, carrying heavy packs, working outdoors under a variety of weather conditions, etc.). Candidates must be enrolled in an undergraduate program at the time of the REU (i.e., students that graduate prior to the program are not eligible). Students from underrepresented backgrounds (first-generation college students, women, minorities, etc.) are especially encouraged to apply!

Applications should include: 1) copy of unofficial transcripts, 2) contact information for two professors or other academic references who have agreed to be references for the applicant, 3) CV, and 4) a one-page description of your academic background and goals, your interest in the REU position, any previous research experience, and any experience working or hiking at high elevations.

Applications and letters should be sent to Dr. Megan Peterson at megan.peterson@colorado.edu with “2019 REU application” in the subject line. Review of applications will begin March 15.

6-Month and Summer AmeriCorps Restoration Team Member Positions Available

POSITION TITLE: AmeriCorps Restoration Team Member

STATUS: Half Time, 900-hour term from May 27, 2019 to November 27, 2019 OR 450-hour term between May 27, 2019 to August 22, 2019 OR 300-hour term between June 17, 2019 to August 15, 2019

NUMBER OF POSITINS AVAILABLE: 34 Total of various lengths

REPORTS TO: AmeriCorps Program Manager

POSITIONS REPORTING TO THIS POSITION: None

LOCATION: Yerington, NV

BACKGROUND: Established in 2014, the Walker Basin Conservancy (WBC) is leading the effort to restore and maintain Walker Lake while protecting agricultural, environmental and recreational interests in the Walker Basin (www.walkerbasin.org). The nascent and dynamic nature of the WBC and its diverse management obligations provide unique opportunities to develop operations from the ground level up, working closely with staff who are passionate about their mission.

The WBC currently manages thousands of acres of land and assets on multiple properties in the Walker Basin.  Land planning activities are underway and focus on assessing public use opportunities, conservation values, long term land ownership and stewardship, active and passive revegetation and restoration activities. 

JOB PURPOSE: The Restoration Team Members will serve alongside other members and WBC Conservation Technicians conducting primarily invasive species removal and native plant re-vegetation within the Walker River Basin. Members may also work on recreational trail construction, sign installation, and fence construction. Members will work in conjunction with other WBC field staff, providing on the ground support to larger project operations.

A working knowledge of, or a desire to learn more about, desert plant ecology and ecological restoration, nursery or horticultural practices, or agricultural systems and irrigation equipment is essential. The Restoration Team Members should also have a sincere interest in expanding their knowledge of Great Basin Desert ecology, restoration practices, the flora and fauna of Nevada, and agricultural methods and equipment.

Members will serve in an outdoor setting and will sometimes be required to camp in the field for the duration of the tour. Camping will generally be in areas with at least primitive road access for crew vehicles, but the camping sites will usually be undeveloped backcountry sites. Both camp and project sites will generally not have access to potable water, restroom facilities, or cellphone signals, and members will be expected to follow Leave No Trace principals in camp and on project. Project work will frequently require hiking over rough terrain while carrying tools and equipment.

LOCATION: Yerington, Nevada is a beautiful rural farming community located approximately 95 miles south of Reno, NV in the foothills of the eastern Sierra mountains. Yerington is small but growing with about 3,100 residents. Established in 1907, the city has heritage and deep roots in agriculture, mining, railroads, and gaming. Some of the nearby attractions, activities and recreational opportunities include:

  • Camping, biking, hiking, backpacking
  • Fishing, hunting and boating and OHV trails
  • Flat and white-water boating (1 hour away)
  • Rock Hounding and climbing
  • Ghost Town Exploration
  • Ski Resorts (1.5-2 hours away)
  • Lake Tahoe (1.5 hours away)
  • Lahontan Reservoir (30 minutes away)
  • Walker Lake (45 minutes away)
  • Topaz Reservoir (45 minutes away)

Essential Functions:

·         Under the guidance of a WBC Technician, utilizing hand tools, backpack sprayers, and ATV mounted sprayers to conduct invasive plant removal and control.

·         Under the guidance of a WBC Technician, utilizing hand and power tools to conduct native plant re-vegetation and restoration.

·         Under the guidance of a WBC Technician, utilizing hand and power tools to conduct road decommissioning, recreation trail construction, and sign/fence installation.

·         Communicating effectively and professionally with other members, WBC staff, agency partners, and the public.

Secondary Functions:

·         Assisting with the management and supervision of community volunteers on WBC conservation projects.

·         Uploading field data into databases and compiling reports to inform future management plans.

·         Assisting with the inventory, maintenance, and repair of WBC tools and equipment.

Qualifications

  • Willingness and ability to work outside in unpredictable weather conditions, including extreme temperatures, independently or as part of a team.
  • Willingness and ability to camp in undeveloped, primitive conditions for multiple days.
  • Willingness and ability to work irregular hours, such as starting early or working more days with shorter hours, in accordance with project specific requirements and conditions.
  • Ability to bend and crouch for long periods of time and occasionally lift heavy loads or equipment.
  • Ability to uses hand and power tools, operate motor vehicles, and work long days on labor intensive projects.
  • Willingness to use chemical herbicides in the treatment and control of invasive weeds while following strict application protocols.
  • Effective written and oral communication skills.
  • Possess a valid, state-issued driver’s license and clean driving record.
  • Meet AmeriCorps Eligibility Requirements, including:
    • Be at least 17 years of age at the commencement of service;
    • Have a high school diploma or its equivalent;
    • Be a citizen, national, or lawful permanent resident alien of the United States;
    • Pass a National Sex Offender Public Website check and National Service Criminal History Check; and
    • Be eligible to receive and AmeriCorps Education award, with a limit of four total terms in a lifetime and the equivalent of two full-time terms (3600 hours).

Physical and Mental Requirements

Strength, dexterity, coordination, and vision to use tools and equipment for prolonged periods.  Strength and stamina to bend, stoop, sit, and stand for long periods of time.  Strength and dexterity to operate small, medium, and heavy equipment.  Strength and stamina to endure standing and working for long periods of time and in extreme weather conditions.  Dexterity and vision to observe oncoming traffic hazards and react quickly to emergency situations.  Some heavy lifting (over 75 pounds) is occasionally required.

In compliance with applicable disability laws, reasonable accommodations may be provided to qualified individuals with a disability who require and request such accommodations.  Applicants and incumbents are encouraged to discuss potential accommodations with the employer.

Working Conditions

Technicians work in an outdoor setting with varying weather conditions, including, but not limited to, extreme heat, dry conditions, rain, snow or hail, and extreme cold.  Work sites will generally be in areas with at least primitive road access for crew vehicles. Work sites will generally not have access to potable water, restroom facilities, or cellphone signals, and Technicians will be expected to follow Leave No Trace principals on work sites without facilities. Work will frequently require hiking over rough terrain while carrying tools and equipment.

Position may occasionally be required to work around heavy machinery in hazardous environments. Environment is generally dirty, with prolonged exposure to conditions such as dust, fumes, noise, or odors. Frequent interruptions to planned work activities occur.

Compensation & Benefits:

  • Living allowance of $9,180;
  • Education award of $2,960;
  • Medical, dental and vision insurance, child care, and federal student loan forbearance are available for eligible members at no additional cost;
  • Uniform reimbursement;
  • Per diem when on spike (while camping);
  • Paid personal and sick leave; and
  • Paid holidays.

Members will receive a variety of technical and professional training related to their service activities as well as personal and professional development. Available trainings include:

  • First aid and CPR;
  • Leave no Trace principals; and
  • Plant identification, invasive species identification and treatment, and trails training.

Housing in Yerington can be difficult to find. WBC has limited and optional housing available for a low monthly rate. Housing accommodations are dorm or bunk style housing with shared bedrooms, bathrooms, kitchen areas and common spaces.

Positions will remain open until filled. Only top candidates will be contacted.

Local applicants are STRONGLY encouraged to apply.

Please send cover letter and resume to:

Amy Gladding

amy.gladding@walkerbasin.org

Subject Line: 6-month Restoration Team Member

Please call Miguel Gonzales, AmeriCorps Program Manager, at (775) 463-9887 ext. 110 with questions.

Walker Basin Conservancy is an equal opportunity employer. Persons with disabilities are encouraged to apply.  The above functions may be completed with or without reasonable accommodations.  This program prohibits discrimination based on race, religion, creed, color, national origin, gender, age, sexual orientation, political affiliation or disability.

Equal Opportunity Statement – Walker Basin Conservancy is an equal opportunity employer. WBC does not discriminate against any employee, applicant, director, officer, contractor, or any other person with whom it deals because of race, creed, color, disability, age, sex, veteran status, religion or political affiliation. WBC complies with all federal and local statutes prohibiting discrimination in employment.

Disclaimer – The statements contained herein are intended to describe the general nature and level of work to be performed by the employees in these positions. The statements are not intended to be construed as an exhaustive list of all responsibilities, duties, and skills required of a person in each position. Other responsibilities, duties, and skills may be assigned and management retains the right to add or change the responsibilities, duties, and skills at any time.